Sunday, April 20, 2014

[Mimic#401_Scientific]Cancer in the brain_Chelsea


Cancer: Disabling defences in the brain
Janine T. Erler
Nature 508, 46–47 (03 April 2014) doi:10.1038/508046aPublished online 02 April 2014

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Most deaths from cancer are not caused by the primary tumor. A cancer can spread from the primary tumor to other organs through a process known as metastasis, and it is the growth of metastatic tumors that ultimately compromises normal organ function and is responsible for more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients1. Brain metastases present one of the poorest prognoses for cancer patients, and their rate of incidence is increasing2. Fortunately, metastasis is a highly inefficient process: fewer than 0.01% of cells that leave a primary tumor are able to colonize and grow in other organs3. The underlying molecular mechanisms that govern initial metastatic cancer-cell survival and growth in secondary organs remain largely unknown and are an area of intensive research. Writing in Cell, Valiente et al.4 show how cancer cells that have metastasized to the brain overcome death signals from host tissue cells and use the pre-existing vasculature to enable their proliferative growth. 

First Draft:
Most deaths from cancer is[are] not caused by primary tumors. A tumor[cancer] can migrate[spread] from its originate organ[the primary tumor] to secondary areas[other organs] in[through] a process called[known as] metastasis, and it is this secondary process[the growth of metastatic tumors] that [ultimately] compromises most of the[normal] organ functions and lead to most patient's death [is responsible for more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients]. Brain metastases is[present] one of the poorest prognoses [for cancer patients] and its incidence rate[their rate of incidence] is still increasing. Fortunately, [metastasis is a highly inefficient process:] less[fewer] than 0.01% of cancer cells that leaves its primary site[a primary tumor] will[are able to] colonize and grow into tumor[in other organs]. However, the underlying [molecular] mechanism[s] that governs these migrating tumor cells[initial metastatic cancer-cell] survival and growth [in secondary organs] remains largely unknown [and are an area of intensive research]. Writing in Cell, V etc discovered and illustrated [show] how the tumor[cancer] cells that metastasis[have metastasized] into [the] brain overcome the death signals from host tissue cells and utilize[use] their own[the] preexisting vasculature to further proliferate and grow into tumors[enable their proliferative growth].
Secondary draft:
Most death[s] of[from] cancer is[are] not caused by [the]primary tumor. The[a] cancer cells can spread from its[the] primary tumor to other organs in[through] a process known as metastasis, and it is the [growth of] metastatic tumor that [ultimately]compromises normal organ functions and is responsible for more than 90% of the death[s] in cancer patients. Brain metastases is[present] one of the poorest prognoses in[for] cancer patients and its[their] rate of incidence is increasing. Fortunately, metastasis is a very[highly] inefficient process: fewer than 0.01% of cancer-cells [that leave a]from the primary tumor can[are able to] colonize and grow into tumors in secondary areas[other organs]. The underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the[initial metastatic] cancer-cell survival and growth in secondary organs remain largely unknown and are an intense area of [intense] research. Writing in Cell, V etc show how metastatic cancer cells [that have metastasized] to the brain overcome death signals from host tissue cells and use the pre-existing vasculature to enable its[their] proliferative growth.
P.S. Nothing is perfect... lol...

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