Cancer: Disabling defences in the brain
Janine T. Erler
Nature 508, 46–47 (03 April 2014) doi:10.1038/508046aPublished online 02 April 2014
Most deaths from cancer are not caused by the primary tumor. A cancer can spread from the primary tumor to other organs through a process known as metastasis, and it is the growth of metastatic tumors that ultimately compromises normal organ function and is responsible for more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients1. Brain metastases present one of the poorest prognoses for cancer patients, and their rate of incidence is increasing2. Fortunately, metastasis is a highly inefficient process: fewer than 0.01% of cells that leave a primary tumor are able to colonize and grow in other organs3. The underlying molecular mechanisms that govern initial metastatic cancer-cell survival and growth in secondary organs remain largely unknown and are an area of intensive research. Writing in Cell, Valiente et al.4 show how cancer cells that have metastasized to the brain overcome death signals from host tissue cells and use the pre-existing vasculature to enable their proliferative growth.
First Draft:
Most deaths from canceris[are] not caused by primary tumors. Atumor[cancer] canmigrate[spread] fromits originate organ[the primary tumor] tosecondary areas[other organs]in[through] a processcalled[known as] metastasis, and it isthis secondary process[the growth of metastatic tumors] that [ultimately] compromisesmost of the[normal] organ functions andlead to most patient's death[is responsible for more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients]. Brain metastasesis[present] one of the poorest prognoses [for cancer patients] andits incidence rate[their rate of incidence] isstillincreasing. Fortunately, [metastasis is a highly inefficient process:]less[fewer] than 0.01% ofcancercells that leavesits primary site[a primary tumor]will[are able to] colonize and growinto tumor[in other organs].However,the underlying [molecular] mechanism[s] that governsthese migrating tumor cells[initial metastatic cancer-cell] survival and growth [in secondary organs] remains largely unknown [and are an area of intensive research]. Writing in Cell, V etcdiscovered and illustrated[show] howthe tumor[cancer] cells thatmetastasis[have metastasized]into [the] brain overcomethedeath signals from host tissue cells andutilize[use]their own[the] preexisting vasculature tofurther proliferate and grow into tumors[enable their proliferative growth].
Secondary draft:
Most death[s]P.S. Nothing is perfect... lol...of[from] canceris[are] not caused by [the]primary tumor.The[a] cancercellscan spread from its[the] primary tumor to other organs in[through] a process known as metastasis, and it is the [growth of] metastatic tumor that [ultimately]compromises normal organ functions and is responsible for more than 90% ofthedeath[s] in cancer patients. Brain metastases is[present] one of the poorest prognoses in[for] cancer patients and its[their] rate of incidence is increasing. Fortunately, metastasis is a very[highly] inefficient process: fewer than 0.01% ofcancer-cells [that leave a]from theprimary tumor can[are able to] colonize and growinto tumorsinsecondary areas[other organs]. The underlying molecular mechanisms that governthe[initial metastatic] cancer-cell survival and growth in secondary organs remain largely unknown and are anintensearea of [intense] research. Writing in Cell, V etc show howmetastaticcancer cells [that have metastasized] to the brain overcome death signals from host tissue cells and use the pre-existing vasculature to enable its[their] proliferative growth.
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