[001-mimic#1 scientific] Nature Commentary_Hailey

Nature Commentary

Life at the beginning: perturbation of the microbiota in early life and its role in health and disease

Sebastian Zeissig & Richard S Blumberg

This Commentary discusses how treatment with antibiotics in infancy shapes host immunity and influences susceptibility later in life to diseases mediated by the immune system.

“Sow a thought, and you reap an act;

Sow an act, and you reap a habit;

Sow a habit, and you reap a character;

Sow a character, and you reap a destiny.”

—Anonymous (quoted by Samuel Smiles in Life and Labor, 1887)

Original paragraph

The advent of commercial antibiotics ther­apy in the early twentieth century revolu­tionized the medical treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotics, together with other mea­sures such as vaccination and the broad intro­duction of hygienic practices, have since led to a steady decrease in the morbidity and mor­tality associated with infectious diseases and, remarkably, still reflect an exception to cur­rent pharmacological treatment in that they allow the cure of established disease. Such advances in the treatment of infectious dis­eases have fueled a pathogen-centric view of microbes and the emergence of further efforts to minimize contact with the microbial world. As a result, society has become overly obsessed with obliterating every microbe. However, this view has now been challenged by a wealth of studies documenting an unforeseen complex­ity of the human-associated microbiota that coexists and has coevolved in a mutualistic relationship with its human host and contrib­utes to host biology and health through the provision of resistance to colonization, by harmful organisms, participation in metabo­lism and maturation of the immune system, among other pathways. Increasing knowl­edge of such symbiotic traits thereby continues to shift the view of microbes from a pathogen-dominated perspective to an integrated view that acknowledges the beneficial aspects of the microbiota.

Mimic Trial 1

The advent of antibiotic therapy has revolutionized treatment of infectious diseases. These antibiotics, along with vaccination, and improvement in hygiene have significantly reduced the mortality of infectious diseases. Thus, these therapies are still used in clinics nowadays, and antibiotics are being largely produced by pharmaceutical companies. The pandemic infectious diseases have shown people the pathological perspective of microbes, and emphasized on eliminating the pathogens, and minimize the contact with microbes. However, this notion is been challenged by the new discoveries of commensal microbiota and their close relationship with human, with regard to how they co-habit and how they affect our health. During the evolution and growth of human been microbiota has also mutated extensively and co-evolved with us. They also play beneficial roles, such as regulating metabolism, and promoting development of immune system. Along with the advancement in research, our ideas towards microbes have gradually shifted from pathogenic view to more integrated view, and starting to appreciate more on their positive roles in human health.

Mimic Trial 2 (with corrections)

The advent of commercial antibiotics therapy in the early twentieth century has revolutionized the medical treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotics, together with other measures such as vaccination, and the broad introduction of hygienic practices, have since led to a steady decrease in morbidity and mortality associated withof infectious disease, and remarkably, still reflect an exception to current  widely used in pharmacological treatment in that they allow the cure of established disease.because of their effectiveness in curing the diseases. The advances in infectious disease treatment emphasized have fueled athe pathogen-centriclogical view of the microbes, and encouraged people toemergence of further efforts to minimize contact with the microbial world., As a result, society has become overly obsessed with and obliteratinge every single microbe. However, this view has is now been challenged by a wealth of studiesdiscoveries documenting an unforeseen showing the complexity of human-associated microbiota that. They  coexists and has coevolved with human host in a mutualistic relationship, and contributes to the host biology and health through the provision of resistance to colonization byof harmful organismspathogens, participation inenhance  metabolism, and maturation of the immune system. Increasing knowledge of the symbiotic features of microbe continuously traits thereby continues to shift our perspective from pathologic-dominatedoriented to more integrated view that , and acknowledges the beneficial aspectsrole of microbiota in human health.

PS. I would like to store the highlighted words and phrases into vocabulary bank.