Vol. 344 no. 6180
DOI: 10.1126/science.1240622
REVIEW
Interneurons from Embryonic Development to Cell-Based Therapy
Derek G. Southwell1, etc
Template:
Alterations in neural excitation and inhibition cause a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In the cerebral cortex, excitation and inhibition are mediated by two cell types born in distinct areas of the embryo: excitatory projection neurons, which are generated in the developing cortex, and inhibitory interneurons, which are produced outside the cortex in the ventral forebrain. After migrating from their origins across the developing brain, young interneurons reach the cortex and differentiate into various inhibitory neuronal cell types. Roughly two-thirds of these young cells survive in the cortex to form the local inhibitory circuits that shape excitatory neuron activity. The embryologic programs that guide interneuron migration, survival, and circuit integration are also executed by these young neurons after their transplantation into the juvenile and adult nervous systems. These processes, realized in the developmentally and topographically distinct environment of the recipient, offer a unique opportunity for studying neurodevelopment and therapeutically modifying neural circuits.
First Draft:
Alterations in neural excitation and inhibition cause a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In the cerebral cortexof an embryo, excitation and inhibition neurons are generated[mediated] by two cell types [born] in distinct areas [of the embryo]: the excitatory projection neurons, which are generated in the [developing] cortex, and the inhibitory interneurons, which are generated [produced] outside of the cortex and in the ventral forebrain. After migrating from their origins [across the developing brain], these young interneurons migrate into[reach] the cortex across the developing brain and differentiate into various inhibitory neural [neuronal] cell types. Around[Roughly] two-thirds of these young cells survive [in the cortex] and [to]form the local inhibitory circuits that shape the excitatory neural[neuron] activity. These[The] embryological programs of[that guide interneuron] migration, survival and integration can[are] also be executed by [these] young interneuron[s] [after their] transplantation into juvenile and adult nervous systems. The realization of the[This] processes[, realized] in [the] developmentally and topographically distinct environment of the recipient, offers a unique opportunity for understanding [studying] neurodevelopmentally and therapeutically modifying neural circuits.
Second Draft:
Alterations inthe neural excitation and inhibition cause a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. [In] the cerebral cortex, excitation and inhibition were[are] mediated by two cell types born in distinct area[s] of an[the] embryo: the excitatory projection neurons, which are generated in the [developing] cortex, and inhibitory interneurons, which are produced outside of the cortex and in the ventral forebrain. After migrating from their origins across the developing brain, young interneurons reach to the cortex and different into various inhibitory neuronal cell types. Roughly two-thirds of these young cells survive [in the cortex] and[to] form [the] local inhibitory circuits that shape excitatory neuron activity. The neurologic[embryologic] programs that guide interneuron migration, survival and circuit integration, are also executed by [these] young interneuron cells [after their] transplantation into the juvenile and adult nervous systems. The[se]process, realized in [the]developmentally and topographically distinct environment of the recipient, offers a unique opportunity of[for] studying neurodevelopment and therapeutically modifying neural circuits.
P.S. Man, it's such a pain!!! To remember those terminology and simple differences are not worth our time to correct even!!
Alterations in neural excitation and inhibition cause a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In the cerebral cortex, excitation and inhibition are mediated by two cell types born in distinct areas of the embryo: excitatory projection neurons, which are generated in the developing cortex, and inhibitory interneurons, which are produced outside the cortex in the ventral forebrain. After migrating from their origins across the developing brain, young interneurons reach the cortex and differentiate into various inhibitory neuronal cell types. Roughly two-thirds of these young cells survive in the cortex to form the local inhibitory circuits that shape excitatory neuron activity. The embryologic programs that guide interneuron migration, survival, and circuit integration are also executed by these young neurons after their transplantation into the juvenile and adult nervous systems. These processes, realized in the developmentally and topographically distinct environment of the recipient, offer a unique opportunity for studying neurodevelopment and therapeutically modifying neural circuits.
First Draft:
Alterations in neural excitation and inhibition cause a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. In the cerebral cortex
Second Draft:
Alterations in
P.S. Man, it's such a pain!!! To remember those terminology and simple differences are not worth our time to correct even!!
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